and by the Division of Biology Huck Institutes with the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University (University Park, PA) and Fudan University (Shanghai, China). Author specifics Intercollege Graduate Degree Plan in Plant Biology, the Huck Institutes from the Life Sciences, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. 2Department of Biology, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. 3Section of Research Sources, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA. 4State Essential Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Institute of Plant Biology, Center for Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China. 5Current address: Division of Plant and wcs.1183 Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.Received: 22 February 2015 Accepted: 4 JulyReferences 1. Smalle J, Vierstra RD. The ubiquitin 26S proteasome proteolytic pathway. Annu Rev Plant Biol. 2004;55(1):555?0. two. Sorokin AV, Kim ER, Ovchinnikov LP. Proteasome system of protein degradation and processing. Biochemistry (Moscow). 2009;74(13):1411?2. three. Schwechheimer C, Willige BC, Zourelidou M, Dohmann EM. Examining protein stability and its relevance for plant growth and development. Techniques Mol Biol. 2009;479:147?1. four. Dreher K, Callis J. Ubiquitin, X-396 web hormones and biotic anxiety in plants. Ann Bot. 2007;99(5):787?22. five. Stone SL, Callis J. Ubiquitin ligases mediate development and development by advertising protein death. Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2007;10(6):624?two. six. Gray WM, del Pozo JC, Walker L, Hobbie L, Risseeuw E, Banks T, et al. Identification of an SCF ubiquitin-ligase complicated required for auxin response in Arabidopsis thaliana. Genes Dev. 1999;13(13):1678?1. 7. Gray WM, Kepinski S, Rouse D, Leyser O, Estelle M. Auxin regulates SCFTIR1dependent degradation of AUX/IAA proteins. Nature. 2001;414(6861):271?. eight. Kepinski S, Leyser O. The Arabidopsis F-box protein TIR1 is an auxin receptor. Nature. 2005;435(7041):446?1. 9. Dharmasiri N, Dharmasiri S, Estelle M. The F-box protein TIR1 is definitely an auxin receptor. Nature. 2005;435(7041):441?. 10. Thines B, Katsir L, Melotto M, Niu Y, Mandaokar A, Liu G, et al. JAZ repressor proteins are targets of jir.2013.0113 the SCFCOI1 complicated through jasmonate signalling. Nature. 2007;448(7154):661?. 11. Xu LH, Liu FQ, Lechner E, Genschik P, Crosby WL, Ma H, et al. The SCFCOl1 ubiquitin-ligase complexes are required for jasmonate response in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell. 2002;14(8):1919?5.12. Devoto A, Nieto-Rostro M, Xie D, Ellis C, Harmston R, Patrick E, et al. COI1 hyperlinks jasmonate signalling and fertility for the SCF ubiquitin-ligase complicated in Arabidopsis. Plant J. 2002;32(four):457?six. 13. Hua Z, Meng X, Kao TH. Comparison of Petunia inflata S-Locus F-box protein (Pi SLF) with Pi SLF like proteins reveals its special function in S-RNase based self-incompatibility. Plant Cell. 2007;19(11):3593?09. 14. Hua Z, Kao TH. Identification and characterization of components of a putative petunia S-locus F-box-containing E3 ligase complex involved in S-RNase-based self-incompatibility. Plant Cell. 2006;18(ten):2531?3. 15. Fields AM, Wang N, Hua Z, Meng X, Kao TH. Functional characterization of two chimeric proteins among a Petunia inflata S-locus F-box protein, PiSLF2, plus a PiSLF-like protein, PiSLFLb-S2. Plant Mol Biol. 2010;74(three):279?two.