Ients and Are paramount to powerful healing: compassion, concentrate, and intention.14 Compassion entails Controls in the MyEIRA study populationCharacteristic Malay RA (n = 516) Female Age (years) ACPA-positive IgM RF-positive IgG RF-positive DRB1 SE-positivea 86.8 46 (11.8) 60.5 47.5 48.4 35.5 Controls (n = 986) 88.1 46 (11.4) 2.4 3.8 6.3 13.1 Chinese RA (n = 255) 83.5 52 (11.2) 66.3 49.4 49.4 36.5 Controls (n = 206) 86.9 52 (11.3) 3.4 3.4 6.8 12.1 Indian RA (n = 379) 87.9 48 (11.6) 67.3 55.9 54.1 48.5 Controls (n = 285) 84.6 49 (10.6) 2.1 5.3 6.3 30.2 Others RA (n = 88) 84.1 49 (12.1) 70.5 62.5 64.8 40.9 Controls (n = 93) 90.4 45 (11.7) 1.1 6.4 7.4 s00221-011-2677-0 17.Data presented as percentage or mean (standard deviation). We investigated 320 SNPs selected from the PADI locus on Immunochip and from other studies [8,19-21,29]. The list of the genotyped PADI SNPs is presented in Table S1 in Additional File 1. The SNPs were genotyped either using the TaqMan SNP genotyping assay (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA) or by the Illumina iSelect HD custom genotyping array (Immunochip, Illumina, Inc, San Diego, CA, USA). SNPs with call rates <95 , monomorphic SNPs, SNPs with minor allele frequency <0.005, and SNPs with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium P <1.0 ?10-4 in RA cases and controls were excluded from statistical evaluation. This resulted in 227, 238, 263 and 248 SNPs passing quality-control filters for Malay, Chinese, Indian and other or mixed ethnicities, respectively. Genetic outliers for each ethnic group (that is, Malay, four cases and two controls; Chinese, five cases and four controls; Indian, 10 cases) were removed after principal component analysis to correct for possible population stratification. To assess genotyping robustness, comparisons were made between the TaqMan assay and the Illumina iSELECT HD custom genotyping array (Immunochip) assay regarding PADI4_94 (rs2240340), which resulted in a 100 match of the genotyping calls for both RA cases and controls. Genotyping for HLA-DRB1 shared epitope (SE) alleles defined by DRB1*01:01, DRB1*01:02, DRB1*01:07, DRB1*04:01, DRB1*04:04, DRB1*04:05, DRB1*04:08, DRB1*04:10, DRB1*10:01 j.addbeh.2012.10.012 and DRB1*10:03 alleles – was performed by HLA-DRB1 high-resolution sequence-specific oligonucleotide PCR for all the cases and controls as described previously [6]. Individuals carrying one or two SE alleles were classified as SE-positive [6].Autoantibody measurementsfor a one-tail test at a significance level of 0.05. For metaanalysis, the Mantel-Haenszel method was employed with a fixed-effects model and 95 CI for cumulative or overall odds ratio [31]. The significance of the cumulative OR was determined by the Z-test. The between-study heterogeneity was assessed using the Cochran Q-statistic (P <0.10 considered significant). In addition, the I2 metric [I2 = (Q – df)/Q] was used to describe the percentage of variation across the studies due to heterogeneity. I 2 values of 25 , 50 and 75 were assigned as low, moderate and high estimates, re.