Om tropic regions, like Brazil, Cuba, Venezuela, and Chile, has been attracting a great deal interest within the last years because of its particular chemical profiles. Prenylated phenylpropanoids, prenylated p-coumaric acids, acetophenones, diterpenic acids, and caffeoylquinic acids had been shown to be pretty widespread and abundant in propolis from Brazil, mostly in the south-eastern area [9, 10, 21]. The flavonoids kaempferide and isosakuranetin and some amounts of kaempferol had been also located in Brazilian samples [32]. Also, red propolis from the northeast regions of Brazil presents high concentrations of phenolic acids and the flavonoids formononetin, isoliquiritigenin, liquiritigenin, medicarpin, and biochanin A [33?5]. Cuban propolis features a peculiar enrichment in polyisoprenylated benzophenones, extra particularly nemorosone, and also a minor content of a mixture of xanthochymol and guttiferone E [9, 36] making this type of sample chemically distinct from each European and Brazilian propolis. Propolis from Venezuela can also be composed of polyisoprenylated benzophenones furthermore towards the usual constituents identified in samples of tropical regions [9, 37, 38]. Details about the chemical composition of Australian propolis is extremely restricted regardless of the great biodiversity in the island. Propolis from Kangaroo Island is primarily composed of stilbenes, a few of them becoming prenylated. On top of that, it has also some prenylated cinnamic acids and flavonoids [39], like 2 ,3 ,four -trimethoxychalcone, two -hydroxy-3 ,4 -dimethoxychalcone, two ,four -dihydroxy-3 -methoxychalcone, 5,7-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydroflavonol 3-acetate (pinobanksin 3-acetate), and five,7-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-2,3dihydroflavonol 3-acetate [40]. Western Australian propolis is composed of Xanthorrhoeol, pterostilbene, sakuranetin, and pinostrobin [41]. Propolis of Australian stingless bees (Tetragonula carbonaria) is composed of C-methylated flavanones [42]. “Pacific” propolis (e.g., Okinawa, fnins.2014.00058 Taiwan, Hawaii, Indonesia, and Myanmar) is a further distinct form of propolis. A new family of compounds, the prenylflavonoids, far more specifically isonymphaeol-B, was identified in Okinawa propolis even though 3 already recognized compounds–nymphaeol-A, nymphaeol-B, and nymphaeol-C–have also4. Biological Properties and Therapeutic Activity of PropolisDespite propolis popularity over time, it is actually not regarded as a therapeutic agent in standard medicine as the standardization of chemical composition and biological activity is lacking. Such standardization is indispensable for acceptance inside the overall health system. Hence, characterization of different kinds of propolis according to its plant origin and corresponding chemical GDC-0084 site profile is mandatory. Studies about propolis bioactivity need to start out with chemical profiling of the extracts since that info is crucial to have detailed and constant comparative data amongst each typeTable 1: fnhum.2013.00596 Characteristic compounds of propolis from distinct geographic origins and respective plant source.References [10, 20, 22] [9, 10, 32, 33] [32, 34, 35] [10, 180] [9, 36] [24, 25] [26] [27] [28?0] Plant supply Populus spp., extra predominantly P. nigra Standard constituents (most important elements) Pinocembrin, pinobanksin, chrysin, galangin, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, cinnamic acid, and their estersGeographic origin Europe, North America, New Zealand, and temperate zones of Asia Brazil Prenylated phenylpropanoids, phenolic acids, prenylated p-coumaric acids, acetophenones, diterpenic acids, caffeoylquinic a.