Ed shoot biomass of Meeker, Saanich, Willamette, Chemainus, Cascade Bounty, and Anne grown in non-fumigated soil by at the least 24 when compared with those grown in fumigated soil. Root biomass of all the red raspberry varieties evaluated, as well as R. niveus and R. leucodermis was reduced by at the least 22 when grown in soil infested with P. penetrans in comparison to plants grown in fumigated soil. Soon after six months, P. penetrans populations improved drastically on all varieties with all the extremes becoming 5,281 P. penetrans/g root recovered from Anne and 765 P. penetrans/g root recovered from R. niveus. There was a substantial distinction (P 0.05) in between the number of P. penetrans/g root recovered from R. niveus in comparison to Anne, Cascade Bounty, Caroline, and Saanich. No matter red raspberry range, P. penetrans has the possible to drastically decrease plant growth for the duration of establishment. Although R. niveus and R. leucodermis supported the smallest boost in root populations of P. penetrans, it is actually apparent that below heavy P. penetrans stress these Rubus species are certainly not completely resistant to P. penetrans. These outcomes clearly demonstrate the need to have for pre-plant management of P. penetrans in fields where red raspberry will be planted. NEW DIPLOSCAPTER SP. (RHABDITIDA: DIPLOSCAPTERIDAE) In the NATIVE ANT, PROLASIUS ADVENUS, IN NEW ZEALAND. Zhao, Zeng Qi1, K.A. Davies2, E.C. Brenton-Rule3, J. Grangier3, M.A.M. Gruber3, R.M. GiblinDavis4, and Philip J. Lester3. 1Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; 2 Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity, College of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia; 3Centre for Biodiversity and Restoration Ecology, Umeclidinium (bromide) Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand; and 4University of Florida-IFAS, Fort Lauderdale Analysis and Education Center, 3205 College Ave., Davie, FL 33314. A newly-discovered species of Diploscapter sp. was recovered from dissections from the ant Prolasius advenus and from its nests from beech (Nothofagus) forests in the northern South Island plus the southern North Island in New Zealand. Both the ant and its connected Diploscapter sp. appear to become native to New Zealand. This can be a new host record for Diploscapter and also the 1st report of an ant associate from the southern hemisphere. Second-stage juveniles (J2) (primarily based upon size of your gonad primordium) and J3 and J4s were extracted from ant heads and free-living J3 and J4 juveniles had been collected from nest detritus, but no dauer juveniles have been observed. Associative juveniles of Diplogaster sp. were observed nictating, behaviour suggestive of host-seeking. Males have been not recovered from ant nests or from cultured nematodes corroborating previous reports that they’re rare or absent in this genus. Adult females were observed with bilateral symmetry with the head, characteristic dorsal and ventral projections of the putative cheilostom with paired hook-like structures or hamuli, expansive membranous lateral lip flaps or laciniae; gymnostom and stegostom with parallel walls; a swollen procorpus, large terminal bulb with a strong valve; paired ovaries with medial vulva; and also a quick conoid tail with slender pointed or spicate tip. Scanning electron micrographs of your head confirmed that the lateral laciniae with finger-like tines or filopodia are moveable (alternately covering and exposing the mouth). Th.