At times pride is often uncomfortable or mixed with embarrassment, particularly if 1 feels 1 is becoming excessively praised, and often shame is usually mixed with pleasure, as might be the case in the very first sexual encounters of a young individual. Such complexity, even so, only strengthens the hypothesis of a structural similarity between them. It does so by pointing toward the idea that these feelings build upon the identical ground: if deemed from a developmental perspective, self-conscious affectivity seems to be rather ambivalent ?the first coy reactions of babies look to indicate that their feelings are neither entirely pleasant nor totally unpleasant (cf. Reddy, 2000). Later around the reactions and experiences seem to differentiate and grow to be hedonically “purer” (Reddy, 2008, p. 120?49), despite the fact that a lot of keep mixed even in adulthood. The suggestion of an intrinsic similarity between shame and pride can be supported by a second consideration: the intentional Hat is correct and incorrect ?with regards to culture-specific prescriptions. The structure displayed by these feelings is peculiar and makes them unique from easier emotions like, e.g., worry. The latter shows a somewhat easy structure: if a youngster is afraid of darkness, then her worry is intentionally directed at darkness as some thing threatening. The expression “as one thing threatening”3 is meant to capture the concept, widespread in the literature, that feelings enter relations with so referred to as “formal objects” (cf. Kenny, 2003, p. 134), which provide adequacy criteria for feelings: accordingly, worry is adequate if it responds to an object which can be threatening; anger if relates to the object as offensive, and so on. Self-conscious feelings, by contrast, are additional complex insofar as they involve a subdivision of their intentional objects in to the object proper and what one particular might call the lead to of the emotion (Hume, 1978; Taylor, 1985). Think about that you are a scientist that, following years of efforts and tough operate, wins the Nobel Prize for Physics, and you really feel proud of it. In this case, the top way of capturing the intentional structure of the emotion will not be by saying merely that you are proud of the prize. Your pride doesn’t merely concentrate on the prize inside the identical way in which fearand all other self-conscious emotions, such as notably pride, are transformations of it. This really is no place to create a detailed evaluation of those views, whose theoretical presuppositions are also far from the topic of this paper. Suffice it to say that neither our evaluation of your intentional structure of pride and shame, nor empirical findings in developmental psychology (cf. Reddy, 2008, p. 120?9) seem to clearly support the primacy of certainly one of these emotions more than the other. three Some authors deny that feelings have propositional contents, even though still holding that they involve evaluation or appraisal (cf. Prinz, 2004).focuses on threatening objects, it rather focuses on the winning on the prize, which is some thing you did, and which straight reflects upon you. It really is plausible to contend that, without this connection, you wouldn’t really feel pride. Such a structure is crucial to these emotions: you really feel proud of oneself since you won the prize. You will be the object of one’s pride, plus the cause or occasion tends to make you evaluate yourself positively (cf. Hume, 19.