S28,31 along with the third trimester for two research.27,29 For controls in this study, of people that moved for the duration of pregnancy, 74 moved as soon as, 21 moved twice, and five moved 3 to five occasions. 1 study asked subjects about the timing of their final move when the infants were 9 months of age.39 Outcomes indicate that 15.1 had final moved during pregnancy. This underestimates the total % that moved throughout pregnancy, as this measure omits those that moved each for the duration of pregnancy as well as the very first 9 months immediately after birth; on the other hand, only a little quantity of mothers had their last move following birth (0.2 ). Supplementary Figure 2 shows the percent of mothers who moved for the duration of pregnancy and by trimester for cases and controls from case-control studies. Mother’s age Table 2 shows residential mobility by age of mother. Studies employed distinctive specifications for age categories; Table 2 has younger ages towards the prime of your table and older age categories towards the bottom. General, the probability of moving declined with mother’s age, with minor exceptions. The lowest mobility was observed in the oldest age category for six of the eight research in Table two. One particular study located related likelihood of moving across age categories (15.five to 18.6 ) except these 20?4 years, where 27.7 moved.33,34 Yet another located unique probabilities of moving across age groups (<25, 26?4, and 35 years) with the lowest mobility (7 ) in the middle age group and the highest mobility (31 ) in the youngest group.31 Supplementary Table 1 shows an analogous table for fpsyg.2015.00360 situations and controls from case-control research. Alcohol use by mother Two studies examined mobility in relation to alcohol use in the course of pregnancy. 1 found a 15.1 mobility for females who drank alcohol for the duration of pregnancy compared with 13.0 for those who didn’t.27 The other located higher rates amongst non-drinkers (24.two ) than individuals who consumed alcohol throughout pregnancy (19.five ).29 Smoking by mother Findings for mobility by smoking status throughout pregnancy differed by study, with three of your 4 research obtaining that smokers had been more most likely to move than non-smokers. Mobility prices amongst smokers were higher than for non-smokers at (21.1 versus 12.3 )27 and (22 versus ten ).31 In yet another study, those that smoked during pregnancy had been jir.2012.0142 57 (95 self-assurance interval 42?four ) a lot more likely to move than non-smokers, and those that quitNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author ManuscriptJ Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. Author manuscript; Bay 41-4109 web readily available in PMC 2013 January 11.Bell and BelangerPagesmoking for the duration of pregnancy were 59 (40?1 ) much more probably to move than non-smokers.35 Other study discovered greater mobility among non-smokers (31.five ) than smokers (19.9 ).29 Among non-smokers, those exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) during pregnancy had a mobility rate of 21 compared with 23 for all those not exposed to ETS.31 Race/ethnicity of mother Figure two shows residential mobility prices in the course of pregnancy by race. Research applied different categories for race and ethnicity. All studies presented in this figure are based within the US. Whites have been additional most likely to move than blacks in several studies,29,30,33,34 but much less likely to move in others.26,27 Mobility rates for Hispanics were slightly larger than for whites.