To study Spotted Owls Jeff Walters for the opportunity to studyTo study Spotted Owls Jeff Walters for the chance to study Red-cockaded Woodpeckers, Tom Mullins for his 20+ years of service as manager with the Conservation Genetics Laboratory and Mark Miller for his many years as our bioinformaticist. We appreciate the perform our laboratory technicians Renee Bellinger, Hope Draheim, and Dacey Mercer have contributed to lots of projects. We congratulate Dr. Renee Bellinger and Dr. Hope Draheim around the recent completion of their Ph.D. degrees and wish themthe ideal in their new lives. We thank Eliza Shaughnessy Jandrasi and Kelly Huber for assistance in preparing this manuscript; and Sara Oyler-McCance, Carrie Phillips, and three anonymous reviewers for their comments. We are grateful to Sheila Whitmore for use of her Spotted Owl photo. Lastly, we thank the USGS Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center for assistance of lots of on the projects described. Any use of trade, solution, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and will not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. Literature citedAllendorf, F. W., P. A. Hohenlohe, and G. Luikart 2010. Genomics plus the future of conservation genetics. Nature Genetics Reviews 11: 697?09. Allendorf, F. W., G. Luikart, and S. N. Aitken 2015. Conservation as well as the Genetics of Populations, 2nd edn, 614 pp. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK. Angeloni, F., N. Wagemaker, P. Vergeer, and J. Ouborg 2012. Genomic toolboxes for conservation biologists. Evolutionary Applications 5:130?43. Bartish, I. V., L. P. Garkava, K. Rumpunen, and H. Nybom 2007. Phylogenetic relationships and differentiation amongst and inside CX-5461 site populations of Chaenomeles Lindl. (Rosaceae), estimated with RAPDs and isozymes. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 101:554?563. Beissinger, S. R., J. R. Walters, D. G. Catanzaro, K. G. Smith, J. B. Dunning Jr, S. M. Haig, B. R. Noon et al. 2006. Modeling approaches in avian conservation and the function of field biologists. Ornithological Monographs, vol 59. American Ornithologists’ Union, Washington, DC. Bellinger, M. R., J. A. Johnson, J. Toepfer, and P. Dunn 2003. Loss of genetic variation in Greater Prairie Chickens following a population bottleneck in Wisconsin, U.S.A. Conservation Biology 17:717?24. Bellinger, M. R., S. M. Haig, and E. D. Forsman 2005. Taxonomic relationships amongst Phenacomys voles endemic to the Western United states of america. Journal of Mammalogy 86:201?ten. Chandler, R. B., and J. D. Clark 2014. Spatially explicit integrated population models. Methods in Ecology and Evolution 5: 1351?360. Clegg, S. A., J. F. Kelly, M. Kimura, and T. B. Smith 2003. Combining genetic markers and stable isotopes to reveal population connectivity and migration patterns within a Neotropical migrant, Wilson’s Warbler (Wilsonia pusilla). Molecular Ecology 12:819?30. D’Elia, J. 2015. California pnas.1602641113 Condors within the Pacific Northwest: Integrating history, molecular ecology, and spatial modeling for reintroduction organizing. Ph.D. jir.2012.0142 dissertation, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR. D’Elia, J., and S. M. Haig 2013. California Condors within the Pacific Northwest. Oregon State University Press, Corvallis, OR. Draheim, H. M., M. P. Miller, P. B. Baird, and S. M. Haig 2010. Subspecific status and population genetic structure of Least Terns (Sternula antillarum) inferred by mitochondrial DNA handle region sequences and microsatellite DNA.