To study Spotted Owls Jeff Walters for the opportunity to study Red-cockaded Woodpeckers, Tom Mullins for his 20+ years of service as manager from the Conservation Genetics Laboratory and Mark Miller for his several years as our bioinformaticist. We appreciate the operate our laboratory technicians Renee Bellinger, Hope Draheim, and Dacey Mercer have contributed to quite a few projects. We congratulate Dr. Renee Bellinger and Dr. Hope Draheim on the recent completion of their Ph.D. degrees and wish themthe most effective in their new lives. We thank Eliza Shaughnessy Jandrasi and Kelly Huber for help in preparing this manuscript; and Sara Oyler-McCance, Carrie Phillips, and three anonymous reviewers for their comments. We are grateful to Sheila Whitmore for use of her Spotted Owl photo. Ultimately, we thank the USGS Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center for support of several on the projects described. Any use of trade, item, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. Literature citedAllendorf, F. W., P. A. Hohenlohe, and G. Luikart 2010. Genomics plus the future of conservation genetics. Nature Genetics Testimonials 11: 697?09. Allendorf, F. W., G. Luikart, and S. N. Aitken 2015. Conservation plus the Genetics of Populations, 2nd edn, 614 pp. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK. Angeloni, F., N. Wagemaker, P. Vergeer, and J. Ouborg 2012. Genomic toolboxes for conservation biologists. Evolutionary Applications 5:130?43. Bartish, I. V., L. P. Garkava, K. Rumpunen, and H. Nybom 2007. Phylogenetic relationships and differentiation amongst and inside populations of Chaenomeles Lindl. (Rosaceae), estimated with RAPDs and isozymes. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 101:554?563. Beissinger, S. R., J. R. Walters, D. G. Catanzaro, K. G. Smith, J. B. momelotinib web Dunning Jr, S. M. Haig, B. R. Noon et al. 2006. Modeling approaches in avian conservation along with the role of field biologists. Ornithological Monographs, vol 59. American Ornithologists’ Union, Washington, DC. Bellinger, M. R., J. A. Johnson, J. Toepfer, and P. Dunn 2003. Loss of genetic variation in Higher Prairie Chickens following a population bottleneck in Wisconsin, U.S.A. Conservation Biology 17:717?24. Bellinger, M. R., S. M. Haig, and E. D. Forsman 2005. Taxonomic relationships amongst Phenacomys voles endemic for the Western Usa. Journal of Mammalogy 86:201?ten. Chandler, R. B., and J. D. Clark 2014. Spatially explicit integrated population models. Solutions in Ecology and Evolution 5: 1351?360. Clegg, S. A., J. F. Kelly, M. Kimura, and T. B. Smith 2003. Combining genetic markers and steady isotopes to reveal population connectivity and migration patterns inside a Neotropical migrant, Wilson’s Warbler (Wilsonia pusilla). Molecular Ecology 12:819?30. D’Elia, J. 2015. California pnas.1602641113 Condors in the Pacific Northwest: Integrating history, molecular ecology, and spatial modeling for reintroduction planning. Ph.D. jir.2012.0142 dissertation, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR. D’Elia, J., and S. M. Haig 2013. California Condors inside the Pacific Northwest. Oregon State University Press, Corvallis, OR. Draheim, H. M., M. P. Miller, P. B. Baird, and S. M. Haig 2010. Subspecific status and population genetic structure of Least Terns (Sternula antillarum) inferred by mitochondrial DNA control region sequences and microsatellite DNA. Auk 127:807?19. Draheim, H. M., P. Baird, and S. M.